PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.